French elections 2017: completing the hat-trick?

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He lives there. Did someone just mention Tony Blair?

Punnet of the Grapes (Tom D.), Tuesday, 25 April 2017 23:05 (seven years ago) link

he says he lives here, i think he flies in from russia for the ILB faps

mark s, Tuesday, 25 April 2017 23:06 (seven years ago) link

He's flown in by MI5.

Punnet of the Grapes (Tom D.), Tuesday, 25 April 2017 23:08 (seven years ago) link

Fizzles is a front.

Punnet of the Grapes (Tom D.), Tuesday, 25 April 2017 23:09 (seven years ago) link

I always knew he was a bit of a front.

calzino, Tuesday, 25 April 2017 23:18 (seven years ago) link

sorry it's very long, sorry it's in French, but this is the most articulate argumentation of melenchonites' reluctance to vote Macron in 2nd round - for what it's worth

"Je vais donc voter Emmanuel Macron comme je pensais le faire, sans remords ni regrets. Mais, amis macronistes — ou plus exactement amis macronistes qui tempêtez ici depuis dimanche soir, j'en connais de plus sages et de plus respectueux —, ce ne sera pas pour vous que je voterai Emmanuel Macron, mais contre vous. De façon à être responsable pour deux. Tant j'ai trouvé irresponsables, deux fois irresponsables vos leçons de morale. Irresponsables, car si Marine Le Pen est au second tour, ce n'est certainement pas du fait de Jean-Luc Mélenchon. Mais bien de la politique menée par votre candidat en tant que secrétaire général adjoint à l'Elysée, puis ministre de l'économie, qui a abandonné puis trahi toutes les promesses de 2012. Puisque vous avez la morale à la bouche, le respect de la parole donnée, cela vous dit quelque chose ? En dépit de la trahison de ces demandes populaires et somme toute démocratiques (puisqu'elles avaient été avalisées par plus de cinquante pour cent des français en mai 2012), Jean-Luc Mélenchon est parvenu à faire revenir dans les urnes des voix d'électeurs jeunes et populaires, et même à devancer Marine Le Pen sur ce terrain, ce qui n'était pas arrivé depuis 2012. Si Marine Le Pen n'est pas aussi haut qu'annoncée dans les sondages (je rappelle qu'elle devait flirter avec les 25/26 %), c'est bien parce que le vote jeune et populaire s'est non seulement mobilisé, mais s'est même déplacé sur un autre bulletin de vote. Et il ne s'est évidemment pas déplacé sur Emmanuel Macron. Mais non, plutôt que de vous indigner, malgré tout ce travail, de la présence de Marine Le Pen au second tour qui est d'abord le produit, je le répète, de ce quinquennat désastreux auquel votre candidat est associé par toutes les fibres de sa personne et de sa politique — il en propose même l'aggravation, non seulement sur un plan social, mais également sur un plan démocratique avec l'annonce de l'usage des ordonnances dès son arrivée au pouvoir — vous préférez vous interroger sur le fait que Jean-Luc Mélenchon n'a pas immédiatement appelé à voter en faveur de votre candidat (Lionel Jospin avait fait patienter son monde cinq jours durant, lui a-t-on fait un procès en complicité avec le fascisme ? Non si je me souviens bien). Bien sûr, Jean-Luc Mélenchon n'a pas, dimanche soir, donné le meilleur discours qui soit. Son discours se ressentait d'un espoir déçu, d'une certaine amertume personnelle même, et surtout d'une certaine désorientation face au résultat (ses formules en effet étaient creuses, mais à vrai dire ce soir là Emmanuel Macron lui a largement volé la vedette en termes de discours creux et hors sol, auquel il a tout au plus ajouté, à l'inverse, une note de triomphalisme non moins déplacé étant donné la situation: un discours de victoire le soir où Marine Le Pen arrive au second tour, en progressant d'un million de voix, ce n'est pas grotesque peut être ? Le dîner à la Rotonde non plus ? Même Nicolas Sarkozy, dans une toute autre situation, avait eu la patience, et la décence même, d'attendre le second tour). Mais cette désorientation de Mélenchon était aussi due, me semble-t-il, à la difficulté qu'il y a désormais pour un candidat, qui a porté ce vote jeune et populaire, à modérer et tempérer la colère et l'angoisse d'un électorat jeune, et plus largement populaire, prêt à emprunter tous les instruments à sa disposition pour renverser la table. Cela n'est peut être pas plaisant, cela n'est sans doute même pas rationnel ni raisonnable à première vue, mais c'est ainsi, et il faut bien faire, en politique, avec les choses comme elles sont, plutôt que comme ce qu'elles devraient être selon nos désirs. Le fait est qu'une certaine frange de la population, plutôt jeune et issue des classes populaires ou des classes moyennes précarisées — il suffit d'observer leur exaspération sur les réseaux sociaux — est prête s'il le faut à choisir l'abstention, voire même à brandir le vote Marine Le Pen comme un bras d'honneur. Ca vous semble fou, incompréhensible ? C'est pourtant bien ce qui est déjà arrivé aux Etats-Unis ou en Grande-Bretagne ces derniers mois, et vous auriez tort, vous seriez légers et désinvoltes, de traiter, comme vous le faites, ce phénomène de haut. Car enfin qui êtes-vous (je parle pour ceux qui se sont exprimés ici avec le plus de virulence) ? Vous êtes souvent des trentenaires, des quarantenaires, voire des cinquantenaires assez favorisés et relativement intégrés à la mondialisation. Vous avez souvent travaillé à l'étranger ou travaillé avec l'étranger, et cela fait de vous des gagnants de la mondialisation. Je ne vous le reproche pas, tant mieux, et j'aime trop moi-même les cultures et les langues étrangères pour y voir quoi que ce soit de coupable. Mais enfin considérez ceci : cette frange jeune et populaire de la population française que vous dites fermée au monde, vous êtes sourds et fermés à sa détresse, des demandes, ses besoins. Vous y êtes si fermés, que vous les assignez à résidence: par exemple dans cette France de l'Est dévastée par la désindustrialisation, ces quartiers de Paris ou ces banlieues que vous rejetez toujours un peu plus loin de vos préoccupations et de vos lieux de décision, ou tout simplement de vie comme, par exemple, tiens, la Rotonde. Mesurez-vous ce que de tels lieux signifient pour bien des gens ? En termes d'exclusion, d'éloignement social ? Visiblement, non. Tout se passe, comme si, en fait, vous n'aviez pas saisi ce qui s'est passé en 2005 à l'occasion du référendum sur le traité constitutionnel européen. Déjà, cette France jeune et populaire s'était prononcée en faveur du "non". Je rappelle que le "non" a réuni, à l'époque, près de 55% des suffrages, contre 45 % au "oui", à l'époque soutenu par le Parti Socialiste et l'UMP. Le calcul est assez simple : si l'on ajoute les voix d'Emmanuel Macron (25%) à celles de François Fillon (près de 20%), nous retrouvons à peu près l'étiage du "oui". Par conséquent, mesurez que, comme en 2005, près de 55% des Français se sont prononcés contre des politiques néo-libérales et ce, en dépit des exhortations répétées des médias dominants. Une majorité virtuelle de Français pourrait donc bien se prononcer, sur la base de ce clivage, en faveur de Marine Le Pen. Il est peu probable que ce soit en définitive le cas, mais l'élection de Donald Trump devrait vous rappeler que le risque est présent, menaçant et durable. Surtout, l'élection de Donald Trump devrait vous appeler à un peu de mesure et de responsabilité. Ce n'est certainement pas en faisant des leçons de morale (qui en vérité ne sont pour vous que l'occasion, réjouissante j'imagine, de manifester une forme de supériorité sociale et intellectuelle — Michel Foucault appelait ça le "bénéfice du locuteur"), que vous convaincrez les électeurs de Marine Le Pen, ou même ceux de Jean-Luc Mélenchon. Vous les convaincrez aussi peu qu'Hlllary Clinton a convaincu ceux de Trump (qui étaient parfois ceux de Sanders) en les qualifiant de moralement "déplorables". Et vous convaincrez d'autant moins les électeurs de Jean-Luc Mélenchon en vous abandonnant au discours de l'anti-racisme moral. Car enfin qui a appartenu à une majorité affirmant que les roms avaient vocation à revenir en Roumanie, a attisé, avec l'extrême-droite et la droite, la querelle sur le burkini, enfin a proposé la déchéance de nationalité ? Où étiez-vous quand il s'agissait de protester contre l'expulsion de migrants à Jaurès, quand il s'agissait de dénoncer les violences policières à Beaumont ou Belleville ? Nulle part ! Tout comme, du reste, les élus aujourd'hui ralliés à votre candidat. Bien au contraire, on pouvait apercevoir des élus qui ont soutenu la candidature de Jean-Luc Mélenchon dans les rangs des manifestants. Il est vrai qu'on peut continuer à préférer l'anti-racisme moral des années 80, avec, d'ailleurs, les mêmes acteurs qu'hier, Jacques Attali, Bernard-Henri Lévy, Bernard Kouchner : c'est votre droit le plus strict. Mais par pitié, pas de leçon ! Et surtout pas de leçon pour ce qui concerne la montée du Front National dans ce pays, la propagation et la banalisation de ses thèmes. Pour le coup, je ne sais qui est indécent dans cette affaire. Comme a été indécente l'assimilation, tout au long de cette campagne, de la candidature Jean-Luc Mélenchon à la candidature de Marine Le Pen. Vous avez passé votre temps à poser cette équation ignominieuse, mais vous venez maintenant réclamer les voix de ceux que vous avez injurié, et à qui vous avez craché à la figure en dépit de vos formules policées ? Ne vous étonnez pas, encore une fois, qu'une partie de la jeunesse, des classes populaires, des militants de l'anti-racisme, ait envie de vous faire un bras d'honneur. Vous le méritez pleinement. Voila pourquoi je voterai Emmanuel Macron : parce que vous ne mesurez décidément pas le risque de fracture démocratique dans ce pays, que vous l'aggravez même par vos propos et votre attitude, et qu'il faudra bien être responsable malgré vous."

licorice oratorio (baaderonixx), Wednesday, 26 April 2017 09:46 (seven years ago) link

God, I hate when people write like that...

Frederik B, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 10:00 (seven years ago) link

So, so, French. Sorry.

Frederik B, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 10:00 (seven years ago) link

There is one thing I really miss from this new left, though, and that is class analysis. It's nearly gone. And instead there is a story about 'elites' and some sort of betrayal. It's just too vague for me, too moral - paradoxically - and impossible to act on.

Frederik B, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 10:04 (seven years ago) link

fp'ed xyzzzz for the 'vile shit' comment, btw. My point was never that 'austerity' was a good thing, it was for all the anglo-saxons to stop using British buzzwords as if they can explain everything in the world. So demanding that I should watch more Ken Loach wasn't exactly the smartest comeback...

Frederik B, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 10:29 (seven years ago) link

Point taken that it may not be the best way to describe the current French situation, but austerity as a buzzword hardly belongs to the British exclusively - it's been the main topic of Iberian politics for the past decade or so, for example.

Daniel_Rf, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 10:40 (seven years ago) link

Point taken. Greek too, definitely. And other countries as well. The meaning is just a lot more specific than 'cutting government'. It's all quite a lot more complex. Another example is baaderonixx calling flexicurity 'center-right', when for me it's the foundation for the Danish social-democratic welfare system. But union politics seem a LOT different in France, I don't think I get it at all.

Frederik B, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 10:48 (seven years ago) link

french image macro: "a very oedipal second round, between a woman who killed her father and a man who married his mother"

illegal economic migration (Tracer Hand), Wednesday, 26 April 2017 10:52 (seven years ago) link

You're more than Anglo-Saxon than xyzzzz, Frederik B. Considerably more.

Punnet of the Grapes (Tom D.), Wednesday, 26 April 2017 10:52 (seven years ago) link

from the long citation by baaderonixx :

Et vous convaincrez d'autant moins les électeurs de Jean-Luc Mélenchon en vous abandonnant au discours de l'anti-racisme moral. Car enfin qui a appartenu à une majorité affirmant que les roms avaient vocation à revenir en Roumanie, a attisé, avec l'extrême-droite et la droite, la querelle sur le burkini, enfin a proposé la déchéance de nationalité ? Où étiez-vous quand il s'agissait de protester contre l'expulsion de migrants à Jaurès, quand il s'agissait de dénoncer les violences policières à Beaumont ou Belleville ? Nulle part !

Anti-racism : Macron's stance toward the burkini should be remembered. But to talk of resisting the expulsions of migrants at Jaurès as a anti-racist imperative, what of this? I live two stops away from Jaurès, the above-ground tracks are outside my front window, I see the fences as I write this, fences that are to come down by the summer on the advice of the Conseil de Paris. Am I a racist if I don't want a migrant camp to return here this summer? Is the anti-racist thing to do, to hope that the numbers increase? There is no legal work for them here, the men (and it is all men) stand around outside my apartment all day, they have nothing legal to do : and so the drug-dealing increases, the prostitution, the exchange of papers, the sauvettes resupplied by mafia vans : this is what comes with the migrants now. Am I a racist for wanting this to stop ?

Of course I could never vote for Le Pen: these men deserve to be treated humanely. But in the popular quartiers already overflowing with legal immigrants like myself, from all over the world, in Paris---is that our moral imperative, we anti-racists?

droit au butt (Euler), Wednesday, 26 April 2017 11:42 (seven years ago) link

Honest question: what's the plan, otherwise? What are the solutions Macron is proposing?

Daniel_Rf, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 12:18 (seven years ago) link

Oh no no no! You don't ask for a plan that's outrageous.

You just oppose the current state of affairs through your own preferred theoretical lens.

Very poor form.

virginity simple (darraghmac), Wednesday, 26 April 2017 13:04 (seven years ago) link

Since no one picked up on it upthread: the FN's new chairman is a notorious Holocaust denier. What does that say about Marine 'The Eye of the Storm' Le Pen?

pomenitul, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 14:50 (seven years ago) link

as ever I do not understand what darraghmac wrote

As to Macron's plan for migration: none that I know of.

My post was not about Macron, though, but about Mélenchon-type leftist moral righteousness. Is it racist to oppose the presence of migrant camps in the city, in your neighborhood, on their view?

droit au butt (Euler), Wednesday, 26 April 2017 16:06 (seven years ago) link

Sorta, kinda. If you think they should all break through and run to Britain, then it's fine.

Frederik B, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 16:11 (seven years ago) link

Euler you are literally describing nimbyism.

-_- (jim in vancouver), Wednesday, 26 April 2017 16:12 (seven years ago) link

A bit more constructively, though not much, I think almost anyone can see these sorts of migrant camps are a bad thing, for migrants as well as for neighbours. The trouble is what to do about the much larger problem.

Frederik B, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 16:14 (seven years ago) link

I don't think it's nimbyism, though. That's when people think something is good, but should be elsewhere.

Frederik B, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 16:16 (seven years ago) link

They are a bad thing, but they can't be wished away. I would be surprised in anyone on the Left would humour such opinions about 'regular' homeless people.

Eallach mhór an duine leisg (dowd), Wednesday, 26 April 2017 16:17 (seven years ago) link

xp. im not really criticising, which i should point out so i don't come across like a dick on the internet. i have lived in neighborhoods were certain marginalized populations have attendant social problems (e.g. living in a red light district meaning there are johns around, making it less safe for wife and female neighbors) and i understand "concerns".

-_- (jim in vancouver), Wednesday, 26 April 2017 16:20 (seven years ago) link

Right, I'm not saying that it would be good to have migrant camps elsewhere. Nor are these official camps: these are just tents set up by migrants in the streets. The anti-racist thing is to support these?

droit au butt (Euler), Wednesday, 26 April 2017 16:23 (seven years ago) link

My post was not about Macron, though, but about Mélenchon-type leftist moral righteousness. Is it racist to oppose the presence of migrant camps in the city, in your neighborhood, on their view?

Well, that's why I asked: I don't think you can really advocate against these camps without proposing an alternative. I don't think feeling upset or uncomfortable with their existence makes anyone a bigot; but a policy that seeks to dismantle them without offering other solutions can't be said to care about their inhabitants much.

Daniel_Rf, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 18:06 (seven years ago) link

It's already hard for a college graduate STEM to get a job, can't imagine for a migrant called Mamahdou.

Van Horn Street, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 20:38 (seven years ago) link

Over the last three decades, both the left and the right have morally failed those migrants. The left's refusal to give employment more flexibility and changing the course for education, and the right by being outright racist and xenophobic. For as long as the french political spectrum is charged with those stupid tropes, the migrants in those camps will be the trapped victims.

Van Horn Street, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 20:43 (seven years ago) link

The left's refusal to give employment more flexibility and changing the course for education

What do you mean by this?

illegal economic migration (Tracer Hand), Wednesday, 26 April 2017 21:12 (seven years ago) link

I mean, yeah, the anti-racist thing is to somehow find a solution to the much larger problem. To touch on what dowd said, I honestly don't think left-wingers are supposed to like tent-cities for homeless people as well. I of course support resources for shelters, needle exchanges, legal places to take drugs ('fixing rooms' in translated Danish, what's it called?) and it would be nimbyism to dislike it nearby. But tent-cities aren't really good for anyone...

Frederik B, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 21:31 (seven years ago) link

least of all the people that are living in them

Οὖτις, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 21:33 (seven years ago) link

Yeah, I'm not suggesting that tent cities are good. But I work from the premise that people don't establish them unless they need to - I might be wrong, could be the people there had access to better housing/shelter but refused it, but then the reasons for that should be the main discussion - and as such tearing them down without offering an alternative solution helps no one.

Daniel_Rf, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 21:44 (seven years ago) link

Or, well, not "no one", but it certainly doesn't help the people in the tents.

Daniel_Rf, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 21:46 (seven years ago) link

je suis rich fuck suck up

reggie (qualmsley), Wednesday, 26 April 2017 22:31 (seven years ago) link

fp'ed xyzzzz for the 'vile shit' comment, btw.

I could "FP" for calling austerity a buzzword. Instead I'll call you a cunt, like a grown-up.

xyzzzz__, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 22:39 (seven years ago) link

Your inability to project yourself beyond UK politics is sad in light of your ethos.

pomenitul, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 22:46 (seven years ago) link

can we get a trop long pas lu on that long pièce baaderonixx quoted

i n f i n i t y (∞), Wednesday, 26 April 2017 23:20 (seven years ago) link

It's jejune gibberish: 'I'm gonna vote for Macron out of sheer spite for his supporters so I can watch their champion fail them.' Or something.

pomenitul, Wednesday, 26 April 2017 23:25 (seven years ago) link

What do you mean by this?

― illegal economic migration (Tracer Hand), Wednesday, April 26, 2017 5:12 PM (three hours ago) Bookmark Flag Post Permalink

For education: it is a very elitist system, in which you have a bunch of elites grande écoles (Polytechnique, HEC) that are reserved to the very best students who prepared their whole lives for the entry in those schools, which are mainly white rich kids. Those schools are also relatively small compared to US, Canadian and UK universities. And then you have under-budgeted universities, over-cramped and sometimes of very of poor quality, that apart from a few will lead mostly to nowhere, they are free though! Technical schools are pretty dope, but as everywhere in the western world they are being frowned upon, unfortunately. Medical schools is a whole different thing and I heard that even in free universities they are of good quality, but I don't know enough to give a full portrait of them. In any case, it is not working for most people, with both the left and right barely proposing changes. The right want to maintain the good ole elitism system, the left doesn't want to change the nature of free universities for the people. The moment any reform will be proposed by any governement, I can assure employed teachers and well-fed students (with full benefits and the 35h work week) will take to the streets and paralyse the nation.

For job flexibility, it is just super complicated to hire someone in a small and medium sized company, which are usually the best way for lots of citizens to get employed. The risk is very high, since you can't fire a worker, there is no financial incentive to hire one. I mean, there is a 35h work week law. Some rigidity needs to go, labor laws in France are a relic of a non-globalised world, and well, love it or not globalization happened. Now, youth unemployment is at 24%. The El-Khomri law passed in 2016, something that tried to thread the line between union power/rigid labor laws and pro-small/medium business wants, despite massive massive protests, so we'll monitor how it goes. Obviously some leftists (students groups and CGT, the powerful union) saw this as an attempt to go FULL AUSTERITY, and shitheads cops being violent didn't help. The right, the Fillon and Sarkozy right, actually do want to go FULL AUSTERITY, which is not going to work at all right now because Europe's growth is sluggish, it would indeed bring untold misery to millions. The rhetoric they are using about 'pouvoir d'achat' and employment is helping blur the lines and general confusion abounds. It doesn't help that no serious candidate as ever been a real centrist (a position that works in other countries afaic).

Van Horn Street, Thursday, 27 April 2017 01:36 (seven years ago) link

and f'p ― xyzzzz__, we can have conversations and disagreements without calling another person that word.

Van Horn Street, Thursday, 27 April 2017 01:37 (seven years ago) link

LOL, yes that terrible word. But playing games on what is or isn't austerity = fine and dandy.

What a joke.

xyzzzz__, Thursday, 27 April 2017 07:13 (seven years ago) link

VHS thank you that is really well explained. The education part certainly jives w my experience.

illegal economic migration (Tracer Hand), Thursday, 27 April 2017 07:55 (seven years ago) link

One thing missing in your analysis of the education problem is the fact that this situation largely stems from the combined effects of the socialist pledge 30 years ago to bring baccalaureat success rates to 80% and the obligation made on universities (as opposed to grandes ecoles) to take in anyone with a baccalaureat (any type of admission selection being forbidden)

licorice oratorio (baaderonixx), Thursday, 27 April 2017 08:10 (seven years ago) link

my anecdotal understanding is that (some?) universities partly get around the admission selection ban by failing most students at the end of the first year

Choco Blavatsky (seandalai), Thursday, 27 April 2017 08:48 (seven years ago) link

(not that that solves the real problem)

Choco Blavatsky (seandalai), Thursday, 27 April 2017 08:48 (seven years ago) link

yes that's what's happeing in the medical universities in particular

licorice oratorio (baaderonixx), Thursday, 27 April 2017 09:38 (seven years ago) link

I don't agree that the regular university system here is poor (full disclosure: I'm a faculty member at one of them, though it is either the 1st or 2nd best of them as gauged by international rankings). In my unit (philo) our first year undergrad pass rate is about 50%, sometimes a bit lower. Standards are quite high, and the work is difficult: first year students regularly confront material that in the USA I didn't see until grad school (but I went to a pretty dumb university in retrospective, I think the level can be higher at Ivies). All you need is a bac to get in, so plenty of students don't have the discipline for university work, and they fail, and the universities are not sentimental about this. Basically, we don't coddle our students, since we're not expecting alumni donations to fund us, and so there's no grade inflation, and so weak students are weeded out quickly. By the third year students are primed for a very high level of work. In general, the quality of our students is as high as my undergrad students were at St@nf0rd, and higher than at Ill-annoy. Naturally it's the same with masters and doctoral students.

I don't know how things are in, like, Besançon or Brest. I know our students are very happy to get positions at those places so they don't lack for quality faculty.

droit au butt (Euler), Thursday, 27 April 2017 13:01 (seven years ago) link

that all may be so but primary education is ridiculously rote and traditional. it all feels like a game to see who can be the best copyist. kids are basically made to start choosing a career path age 14 or 15. everything VHS said about rich white kids preparing for the best university places their entire lives feels very otm, and it's interleaved with this intense rule-following, form-filling, tickbox bureaucracy that frustrates even relatively well-educated and advantaged families. not to mention the whole system of private "prep" schools to better equip high-aiming students for the brutal entrance exams for the top unis

illegal economic migration (Tracer Hand), Thursday, 27 April 2017 13:09 (seven years ago) link

I have three kids in public school here (primaire, collège et lycée) and none of them are doing rote work, at least not any more than they did in public school in the USA (maybe the UK is much better in this regard?). have your kids gone to school here (lately)?

prepas aren't all private. they are brutal, for rich or poor. I won't disagree that having money/roots here helps you learn which are the best prepas (I don't know these things, though most of my friends here are normaliens and their kids just go to regular public schools, in regular (i.e. northern) parts of the city). Things are improving re. entry to the grands écoles too: my eldest, at a lycée DERS (like a ZEP), goes to Sciences Po most weekends for a special program to acquaint students from underprivileged schools to learn about the system (she got to meet Omar Sy there, for some reason, but also various ministers).

I'm pretty high on education in France, as an immigrant who came out of choice rather than need. Behavior in the classrooms can be a problem but it was like that in my schools in the USA (in desegregated / bused schools, as was the fashion in those days).

droit au butt (Euler), Thursday, 27 April 2017 13:29 (seven years ago) link


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