Happy Birthday, 14th Amendment

1868 Fourteenth Amendment adopted
Following its ratification by the necessary three-quarters of the US states, the Fourteenth Amendment, ensuring African Americans citizenship and all its privileges, is officially adopted into the US Constitution.
In 1867, in the aftermath of the Civil War, the Reconstruction Acts divided the South into five military districts where new state governments, based on universal male suffrage, were to be established. Thus began the period known as Radical Reconstruction, which sees the Fourteenth Amendment, passed by Congress in 1866, finally ratified in July of 1868.
The amendment, in its Section 1, resolves pre-Civil War controversies about African-American citizenship, reaffirms the privileges and rights of all citizens, and grants all citizens the "equal protection of the laws."
Amendment XIV Section 1 — All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.