Pop Reggae

Message Bookmarked
Bookmark Removed
Before rap-rock, before indie-dance, there was pop-reggae - the rhythms of Jamaica infiltrating the popmuzik of (mostly) Europe. From "Johnny Reggae" by The Piglets to the hits of Ace of Base, this is the thread where we celebrate, execrate and discuss the best and worst of these cross-genre smash-and-grabs.

Tom (Groke), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:13 (twenty-three years ago)

Musical Youth, Dawn Penn and Chaka Demus & Pliers = obvious answers, all great tracks tho (altho every Chaka & Pliers track after 'tease Me' was sheeee-ite)

remember that 'Compliments On Your Kiss' one, Red Dragon, I'm not sure how 'reggae' it is as opposed to 'ska' or something else altogether

stevem (blueski), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:15 (twenty-three years ago)

Did you read the Musical Youth article in Friday's Grauniad? Scary...

Nick Southall (Nick Southall), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:16 (twenty-three years ago)

Does "Jamaica Jerk-Off" count? (prolly not, that was off a prog album)

dave q, Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:17 (twenty-three years ago)

do UB40 count?

stevem (blueski), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:19 (twenty-three years ago)

there must have been some Ace Of Base clones but i do not remember any

stevem (blueski), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:20 (twenty-three years ago)

Anything you want to count counts - since 'inauthenticity' is a flexible concept anyway, mostly operating in the mind of the consumer. The Police and The Clash count too. Blondie obviously.

What gets me is that so many pop acts in the 70s and early 80s tried it - putting a 'reggae track' on an album. The 'story of reggae' I pick up from books like Bass Culture ignores all this, for obvious reasons (ppl big into reggae probably don't care much for 10cc or Ace Of Base). But the upshot is you get this narrative of reggae as a hardcore underground Jamaican music which then bursts into the charts with Bob Marley but swiftly falls away again when he dies. The punk take-up of reggae is well-documented but the pop take-up is mostly ignored. (Actually Lloyd Bradley does have a couple of very interesting bits on Trojan as an English pop phenomenon - whacking a string section on ear-friendly JA hits etc. But reggae's post-Marley afterlife as a kind of rhythmic pop virus is mostly ignored.)

Tom (Groke), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:27 (twenty-three years ago)

What, even The Police?

Matt DC (Matt DC), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:29 (twenty-three years ago)

The acts and songs themselves aren't neccessarily ignored obv but the links don't seem to be drawn.

Tom (Groke), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:29 (twenty-three years ago)

Isn't reggae always about to "cross over"? and isn't it a bit late for that now?

Beenie Man?

Nordicskillz (Nordicskillz), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:30 (twenty-three years ago)

Tom - what's your basis for arguing it's been ignored, or overlooked? Surely people were drawing links with the Police, or UB40 (not sure if they count after all, as they were essentially cod-reggae from start to finish), and even up as far as Ace of Base and the like just as much as they were with The Clash? Usually because the reggae influences themselves are so lazily applied that it becomes screamingly obvious.

Side point - do you still GET reggae influences in chart-pop these days, or has it been usurped by skittering psuedo-Timbaland beats and the like?

Matt DC (Matt DC), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:48 (twenty-three years ago)

By "people" I mean the average pop consumer here, and not the sort of reggae devotee who writes revisionist books about the influence of Trojan records etc...

Matt DC (Matt DC), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:52 (twenty-three years ago)

I'm not explaining myself very well. :( I'm not talking about the links between the Police and reggae, say, cos those are screamingly obvious. I'm talking about seeing 'all those bands who used reggae' as some kind of discussable whole, as a trend or 'movement' even. It was so widespread but I've never seen an article talking about the reception of reggae by pop in this way.

Tom (Groke), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:52 (twenty-three years ago)

well any adaptation of reggae by bands like The Police, Clash, Blondie and Pretenders would be tied to the punk thing even though they all had big hits out of it which have 'become' pop i'd say.

good point by Matt DC - all the 'hip pop' is completely influenced by calypso rhythms, the half-step and dancehall style beats, minimal percussion - thats where its at, and traditional reggae sound has bitten the dust chartwise it seems

stevem (blueski), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:53 (twenty-three years ago)

Tom, was that not really delved into in that BBC documentary about the history of Reggae a few months ago? they did focus on the late 70s punk bands getting into it, i can't remember if they went as far as the likes of Ace Of Base tho, did you see it? i'd never even heard of Yellow Man before i saw that programme, mad

stevem (blueski), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:54 (twenty-three years ago)

The punk-reggae fusion WAS the pop music of that time tho. The Ace Of Base thing is interesting because like I say I really can't remember anyone else fusing reggae beats with sea-shanty stylings and this is probably why they did so well. all the hits over the last 20 years have really come straight out of Jamaica itself or stayed very close to that blueprint.

stevem (blueski), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 11:57 (twenty-three years ago)

Where does Finley Quaye fit in?

Nick Southall (Nick Southall), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 12:01 (twenty-three years ago)

Preferably in the dustbin of history...

Matt DC (Matt DC), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 12:03 (twenty-three years ago)

"One Of Us" by ABBA! "Dreadlock Holiday"!

Tom (Groke), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 12:04 (twenty-three years ago)

there must have been some Ace Of Base clones but i do not remember any

They were called Mr. President. But I prefer the hardcore sounds of the original Gothenburg massive.


JoB (JoB), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 12:05 (twenty-three years ago)

Ah yes, Mr President - 'Coco Jambo'!

and, what about T-Spoon 'Sex On The Beach'?!

stevem (blueski), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 12:06 (twenty-three years ago)

Great question - will mull over, but sadly I'm v.v.busy at work today so ILM time v. limited. Random thorts :

1) Not entirely on topic, but...Marley was the biggest reggae red herring. He wasn't so much taking reggae anywhere as re-working it into something that would cross-over smoothly. Inevitably he had to draw on a lot of rock 'stuff' (song config, band config, promotion, album-focus..)

But while has was around he was a convenient peer for people like the Stones and Clapton to latch onto. Of course the obligatory reggae tracks followed..

Does hiring Sly and Robbie to bolt on a reggae chassis count?

I know I'm not answering the q here - will think more.

Dr. C (Dr. C), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 12:22 (twenty-three years ago)

This kind of parallels what I was trying briefly to get at when I was talking about the c'n'w inflections and steals in '70s reggae the other week. Histories of reggae tend to be written by people so learned that they are more interested in talking about that unobtainable material Buster cut on Big Youth than broader issues of reggae's cultural inputs or fall-out. This isn't a criticism of them or their works, but there's more to be said.

This may be something to do with reggae being *fast*.

Masterblaster (Jammin')! The hit version of Brimful of Asha!

Tim (Tim), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 12:24 (twenty-three years ago)

I really like the G!st (Young Marble Giants offshoot). They (or he) experimented with bedroom indie dub reggae. I thikn it works because it's as 'hand-made' as the genuine thing.

Jez (Jez), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 12:28 (twenty-three years ago)

Was "Ob la di ob la da" the first example of pop-reggae? Is No Doubt the most recent?

bham, Wednesday, 26 March 2003 13:21 (twenty-three years ago)

Harry Belafonte?

Jody Beth Rosen (Jody Beth Rosen), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 13:22 (twenty-three years ago)

Wasn't he more Calypso?

Jez (Jez), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 13:27 (twenty-three years ago)

I thik Georgie Fame was making records inflected with ska before Ob-La-Di, but then he might have been trying too hard for the authentic sound to count in this category.

Good old Georgie Fame.

Tim (Tim), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 13:37 (twenty-three years ago)

CJ Lewis - "Sweets For My Sweet"!

Paul (scifisoul), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 13:43 (twenty-three years ago)

Key record for me in this context: Aswad, 'Don't Turn Around'

the pinefox, Wednesday, 26 March 2003 13:44 (twenty-three years ago)

Inner Circle - "Sweat"

Nick H, Wednesday, 26 March 2003 14:01 (twenty-three years ago)

Does Johnny Nash's "I Can See Clearly Now" count? Also wasn't "The Israelites" by Desmond Dekker considered something of a novelty hit?

and "Bad Boys" reached many as the "theme from COPS"

Fritz Wollner (Fritz), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 14:03 (twenty-three years ago)

Whigfield - Big Time

Mind Taker, Wednesday, 26 March 2003 17:11 (twenty-three years ago)

Yay! Another reggae thread...I think the first pop reggae was probably "Lolipop" from way back in the 60s.

Of course people don't like to talk about reggae's influence...they'd find it was pretty freaking overwhelming...

Crap. I've got to go meet someone for lunch. I'll have to come back to this. Interesting question though...

cybele (cybele), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 17:21 (twenty-three years ago)

Whose the most respectable of the pop reggae ilk?
Just throwing names out here: Ziggy? Steel Pulse? Eddy Grant? Maxi Priest? Snow? Big Mountain?
I'm not trying to start a 'who's more real' debate, but just curious as to what makes them respectable/where the line between pop and 'authentic' non-pop reggae is.

oops (Oops), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 17:35 (twenty-three years ago)

it went on before punk-- eric clapton, 'i shot the sheriff', didn't led zeppelin do a reggae song ('d'yer make her'? groanworthy pun), the stones also (weren't they well into Peter Tosh), and there was a moment in the early Seventies when critics like Marcus hailed the Wailers as the Rolling Stones of Jamaica, Marley as Dylan -- cos real rebel music was thin on the ground. i suppose that's not really pop-reggae though.

'Hotel California' has kind of a skank beat.

'obla di obla da'--the first white pop-reggae stab?

"Walking On the Moon" has got to be one of the most magical, and really unusual sounding hit singles of the post-punk era. shame how the police turned into Yes cira Synchronity. blame those picador Arthur Koestler paperbacks

'dreadlock holiday' is an interesting, ah, pop text. Bit dodgy lyric-wise if my dim recollection is correct

simon r, Wednesday, 26 March 2003 17:36 (twenty-three years ago)

I think reggae was used, especially in the '70s, to lend a certain amount of credibility to whatever you were trying to do. Especially in the UK, obviously, as punk bands found a parallel in what they were trying to express in the music coming out of Jamaica. A lot of the reggae the UK punks were listening to was pretty angry, reflecting the rocky social condition of Kingston slums, for example. "Police and Thieves" is pretty bleak; so's "Bankrobber." There was still enough anger left in the form to inspire the Bad Brains a few years later. Not to mention a score of ska bands.

Brandon Gentry (Brandon Gentry), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 17:41 (twenty-three years ago)

Yeah, I started the thread because when listening to Wow That Was The 70s (8 CD cheapo 70s pop box set) it was striking how when pop records did deviate from the chug-a-chug post-glam beat it tended to be into reggae, and while obviously reggae gets celebrated for itself it tends not to be celebrated as providing an undercarriage for a lot of the time's chart pop.

Similarly I think if you imagine a 90s box set made up of similar pop floor-scrapings you'd find a comparable level of borrowings and swipes from hip-hop (5ive, Snap, Culture Beat) but when evidence is sought for the commercial/cultural supremacy of hip-hop it tends to be sought in 50 Cent album sales, not in one-hit Europopsters feeling obliged to have a 'rapper' on one of their singles.

(I suspect partly this is down to a vague discomfort afficionados of these styles have about quite how dilutable they turn out to be.)

Tom (Groke), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 17:46 (twenty-three years ago)

Tom, could your statement be extended to say the old "pop music uses the 'new' black music as a way to combat it's own stagnancy"? When jazz was the 'new' thing, you could hear traces of it in the pop balladeers, for when sex-fueled r&b was the 'new' thing you could hear bits--more than bits even--of it being incorporated into mainstream rock n roll. etc, etc.

oops (Oops), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 17:58 (twenty-three years ago)

I agree with this. Reggae is a genre that, like hip-hop now and be-bop before, used to embody "cool." As a result, it was co-opted often and with varying results. A lot of reggae is great, but it can be used for evil really easily.See Big Mountain's horrendous reggae interpretation of "Baby, I Love Your Way."

Brandon Gentry (Brandon Gentry), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 18:03 (twenty-three years ago)

See I think the co-option should be something to be proud of, like - we invented this music and now it's EVERYWHERE!

(I think that 'pop' is multiracial anyway, Oops, so I don't think it's always a ripping-off-blacks thing.)

Tom (Groke), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 18:06 (twenty-three years ago)

(I you listen closely, you can hear 2-step garage in Bob The Builder and drum 'n bass in Girls Aloud...)

JoB (JoB), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 18:07 (twenty-three years ago)

Bob the Builder is basically glam rock - Girls Aloud is a drum'n'bass track yes.

This is another one of those what-is-pop questions, though. There's a divide, isn't there, between people who think that a hip-hop track that is also a pop track is still hip-hop and those who think it stops being one. Same for indie, reggae, punk, all the other macro-genres.

Tom (Groke), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 18:12 (twenty-three years ago)

Some classic examples of great pop reggae:

10cc: Dreadlock Holiday
Steely Dan: Haitian Divorce
UB40: Red Red Wine
Madness and Specials: More or less their entire 1979-81 output

Geir Hongro (GeirHong), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 18:13 (twenty-three years ago)

Simon R: are you saying Georgie Fame is black? Or just being precise about the usage of the word 'reggae'? (Or - sob - ignoring me?)

My issue with "Walking On The Moon" remains Sting's horrible voice. Wasn't it the scouser Costello who badmouthed Sting for singing in a Jamaican accent? What a nerve.

Tim (Tim), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 18:29 (twenty-three years ago)

"There's a divide, isn't there, between people who think that a hip-hop track that is also a pop track is still hip-hop and those who think it stops being one." - Tom

For example, De La Soul: "It might blow up/ but it won't go pop."

Brandon Gentry (Brandon Gentry), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 18:31 (twenty-three years ago)

The last five years of hip-hop evolution have drawn on dancehall electro-riddims more and more. My Rawkus Dancehall 96 comp sounds incredibly prescient.

Sterling Clover (s_clover), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 18:40 (twenty-three years ago)

I think that 'pop' is multiracial anyway, Oops, so I don't think it's always a ripping-off-blacks thing.)

I'm not saying pop apes black culture move-for-move, line-for-line...just that elements of it are amalgamated into pop. (I was hoping to talk about the influence of a black sub-culture on pop music w/o labeling anything as being ripped-off/stolen)
Are you denying that reggae, hip-hop, jazz, and r&b began almost exclusively within the black community? and that elements from these forms can be seen in the corresponding pop music of the day?

oops (Oops), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 18:42 (twenty-three years ago)

There are three clear points along the reggae - pop continuum aren't there?
(i) recognised reggae artists playing a version of reggae which is recognisably poppified
(ii) pop acts playing a version of reggae which is recognisably poppified
(iii) pop acts playing a version of pop which appropriates sounds or tricks or techniques or... errr... other stuff.

Reggae - hip hop continuum is very possibly different. The hip hop I listen to most - UK stuff - is a more complicated proposition certainly.

Tim (Tim), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 18:44 (twenty-three years ago)

No I'm not denying that, and sorry for bringing 'ripping off' into it. I'm saying that various musical forms which begin almost exclusively within specific communities (be they black American, Jamaican, Jewish, white European, white American, Latin, whatever) get drawn on by pop hitmakers looking for what sells to a mass audience. Sometimes individual records can sell in mass quantities (De La 'blowing up'), sometimes musical elements get copied and modified. The mass audience is not in itself inevitably white. I'm not talking about 'pop' as a separate genre here, I'm talking about it as a commercial modifier.

Tom (Groke), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 18:49 (twenty-three years ago)

'the scouser Costello'

the pinefox, Wednesday, 26 March 2003 18:52 (twenty-three years ago)

Oops I've just remembered that the US had a long history of segregated charts so even as a commercial modifier pop was more racialised there, so ignore me.

Tom (Groke), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 18:55 (twenty-three years ago)

Vengaboys - Uncle John From Jamaica

Siegbran (eofor), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 19:02 (twenty-three years ago)

Sorry for not ignoring you, but I think the mass audience *has* been mostly white in the past (now, things are def. changing). In the past, blacks as a whole did not have as much money to spend on frivilous luxury goods, such as music recordings, as whites did. This was true even up to the advent of hip-hop, where you had the 'gold in the hood' phenomenon. True, there has always been a large black audience for music (as well as a large Jewish, Latino, etc.) but they didn't have the buying power required to be a market force.

oops (Oops), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 19:02 (twenty-three years ago)

"The last five years of hip-hop evolution have drawn on dancehall electro-riddims more and more. My Rawkus Dancehall 96 comp sounds incredibly prescient."

But hip hop IS reggae. It came from reggae...I know I keep harping about this. Also, the whole Timbaland/Neptunes issue...that's not a switch from reggae, but it's even more Steelie and Clevie/Sly and Robbified pop music.

Oh, and Brandon--you're OTM.

cybele (cybele), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 19:20 (twenty-three years ago)

Nah, hip hop is PARTLY reggae, and a big part it is. Still there are other styles (eg., disco) that contributed to what would become hip hop.

oops (Oops), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 19:23 (twenty-three years ago)

yes, there's a very important distinction to be made between the history of CREATING hip-hop (herc/block parties/two turntables and a microphone) and RECORDING hip-hop (chic/the sugarhill house band)

jess (dubplatestyle), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 19:29 (twenty-three years ago)

I think the idea that a big radio hit hasn't 'gone pop' is a fantasy - it might be mutating pop by its becoming it, though.

Tom (Groke), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 19:30 (twenty-three years ago)

Cybele, forgive me, but what does "OTM" stand for? This way I'll know whether to say, "Thanks, man" or "Sit on it." Just wondering.

Also, I agree with Tom that a radio hit is almost by definition "pop." No commercial station has any incentive to play anything that isn't popular, ie mainstream. Popular = pop, right?

Brandon Gentry (Brandon Gentry), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 20:12 (twenty-three years ago)

Isn't this sort of related to the idea of going disco? It happened frequently around the same time, too. But pop reggae never happened over the course of an entire album, just a single or two. I like Grateful Dead's "Estimated Prophet" (I believe Burning Spear later covered it), plus the reggae ones from Stones' Black & Blue.

Mark (MarkR), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 20:43 (twenty-three years ago)

The Clash certainly "went disco" on Combat Rock. Reggae is dance music, so its transformation isn't too surprising.

Brandon Gentry (Brandon Gentry), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 20:49 (twenty-three years ago)

On the other side of this coin is trip-hop, which takes elements of dub (echoes, reverbs etc) and mixes it with darker pop / hip hop. It's just another example of the British fascination with reggae.

Daniel (dancity), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 20:57 (twenty-three years ago)

A really good early one is Paul Simon's "Mother and Child Reunion" from '72.

I kind of get the disco comparison, but the difference is that disco was still by and large an American conception (with strong links in Europe), so even for British acts like the Stones and Kinks to put out a disco track was just a response to stuff happening all around them. Jamaica and reggae, though, were from another world entirely, a point borne out by the fact that lots of stuff that wasn't actually reggae used to get labelled reggae by critics who were just figuring out what it actually was. (Harry Nilsson's "Coconut," for instance, and more bizarrely, Gary Glitter!)

s woods, Wednesday, 26 March 2003 21:06 (twenty-three years ago)

And before I get called on it, I now realize that yeah, Britain obviously had/has a large West Indies population, so my comments are more prevalent to AMerica obviously.

s woods, Wednesday, 26 March 2003 21:08 (twenty-three years ago)

And I'd like to add a Canadian one to the list as well: Trooper's "We're Here For a Good Time," which is like the ultimate office party reggae song for anyone who lives north of the 49th parallel.

s woods, Wednesday, 26 March 2003 21:09 (twenty-three years ago)

I'd say the whole Bristol scene was chiefly influenced by Scratch Perry. In turn, Perry was chiefly influenced by loads of weed. But the Bristol sound is Perry's: dark, rambling, paranoid, claustrophobic. There's none of the kinetic energy that the punk bands took from reggae, only the anger.

Brandon Gentry (Brandon Gentry), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 21:09 (twenty-three years ago)

Changing tack slightly, I remember having a terrible row with a friend at the time about the reggae credentials of Dub Be Good To Me. What a cracking record. Am I right in thinking that there were three consecutive pop-reggae number ones in the UK in 1983?

Daniel (dancity), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 21:11 (twenty-three years ago)

Robert Christgau on Gary Glitter's Glitter [Bell, 1972]:

The hit--"Rock & Roll, Part II"--is reputed to be reggae, but I don't understand why, unless reggae has been reduced to a catchall for anything with a simple beat. As for the album, it's easy to categorize--unreconstructed rock and roll revivalism of the most reactionary sort. Dumb. C

s woods, Wednesday, 26 March 2003 21:26 (twenty-three years ago)

History question: I understand Britain's black population is mainly of Jamaican descent. How many generations removed are we talking about? Is the jamaican influence that much more direct over there?

Adam A. (Keiko), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 21:40 (twenty-three years ago)

Oops, as I understand it the mass market in Jamaica is prredominantly black and although the 'commercial modifier' Tom mentions may not be vast record sales, the dancehall certainly acts in similar ways. (Also I'm a touch uncomfortable with your suggestion that jazz, r&b and reggae all come from 'the black community': black communities, certainly but a single community? This may be me being horribly pedantic and if so please feel free to ignore me.)

Brandon, I think to talk about the Bristol sound's reggae element being just Perry seems a bit narrow to me: I think other late 70s mainstream reggae is just as important. Massive Attack's sound on "Blue Lines" reminds me much more of that big Channel 1 sound and Tricky puts me in mind of K. Hudson, in parts.

Tim (Tim), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 22:15 (twenty-three years ago)

Oops, as I understand it the mass market in Jamaica is prredominantly black and although the 'commercial modifier' Tom mentions may not be vast record sales, the dancehall certainly acts in similar ways.

I'm not getting your point w/r/t what I have said. Certainly in Jamaica, reggae WAS pop music and so talking about reggae's influence and Jamaican pop music is redundant.

oops (Oops), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 22:20 (twenty-three years ago)

Am I right in thinking that there were three consecutive pop-reggae number ones in the UK in 1983?

1982, in fact. "Pass The Dutchie", "Do You Really Want To Hurt Me", and Eddy Grant's "I Don't Want To Dance".
('83 had "Red Red Wine" and "Karma Chameleon".)

Richard (avoid80), Wednesday, 26 March 2003 22:39 (twenty-three years ago)

Tim, I agree with you. Especially your point about Blue Lines and Channel 1. It just seems to me that the Bristol sound most often evokes the Perry sound and feel.

Brandon Gentry (Brandon Gentry), Thursday, 27 March 2003 01:06 (twenty-three years ago)

Adam the 1950s and early 1960s was the time of biggest Jamaican and West Indian immigration in Britain, so for a lot of black Britons its one or two generations removed.

Tom (Groke), Thursday, 27 March 2003 09:38 (twenty-three years ago)

Er Oops oops I pay the price for not reading the thread properly and posting when exhausted, sorry. (Though I suspect while Jamaican pop music is reggae, pop music in Jamaica is/was lots more... but Cybele could tell you a lot more about that than I could, and you're right that that's not the point anyway).

Tim (Tim), Thursday, 27 March 2003 10:04 (twenty-three years ago)

twenty-two years pass...

https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/2026/01/19/stephen-cat-coore-jamaican-music-icon-third-world-co-founder-dies-69/

RIP Stephen Cat Coore guitarist co-founder of Third World

curmudgeon, Wednesday, 21 January 2026 01:45 (five months ago)


You must be logged in to post. Please either login here, or if you are not registered, you may register here.